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Rev. chil. pediatr ; 90(3): 260-266, jun. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1013832

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: La infancia temprana es un período fundamental en el desarrollo de los niños y depende en gran parte de las interacciones que establecen con sus cuidadores principales. OBJETIVOS: Evaluar la asociación entre riesgo de retraso del desarrollo psicomotor (RDSM) con calidad de interacción madre-hijo/a, síntomas depresivos postparto y otros factores relacionados al cuidado y contexto, en lactantes sanos en riesgo psicosocial. PACIENTES Y MÉTODO: Estudio transversal analítico en 181 madres en riesgo psi- cosocial y sus hijo/as menores de un año, atendidas en Atención Primaria de Salud. Se determinó la presencia de riesgo de RDSM utilizando Ages & Stages Questionnaire y se estudió su asociación con calidad de interacción (CARE Index), síntomas depresivos postparto (Escala de Depresión Postparto Edimburgo) y otros factores relacionados al contexto y cuidado (cuestionario aplicado a la madre) mediante análisis bivariados y multivariados, ajustando por variables confundentes. RESULTADOS: 20% de los lactantes presentó riesgo de RDSM. Se observó un mayor riesgo de presentar riesgo de RDSM, después de ajustar por variables de control predefinidas, con: baja calidad de la interacción madre- hijo/a (OR = 2,46, p = 0,03), lactancia materna exclusiva (LME) < 6 meses (OR = 2,58, p = 0,01) y pareja no ayuda con el cuidado del niño (OR = 2,97, p = 0,03). No se observó una asociación significativa con síntomas depresivos postparto. CONCLUSIONES: En lactantes sanos en riesgo psicosocial se asocian a mayor riesgo de RDSM una baja calidad interacción madre-hijo/a, LME < 6 meses y no involucramiento del padre en el cuidado del hijo/a.


INTRODUCTION: Early childhood is a fundamental period in children's development and depends largely on their in teractions with their main caregivers. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the association between risk of psycho motor developmental delay (PDD) with mother-child interaction quality, postpartum depressive symptoms, and other factors related to care and environment in healthy infants at psychosocial risk. PATIENS AND METHOD: Analytical cross-sectional study in 181 mothers at psychosocial risk and their children aged under one year seen in Primary Health Care. The presence of risk of PDD was deter mined using the Ages & Stages Questionnaire and its association with interaction quality (CARE In dex), postpartum depressive symptoms (Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale), and other factors related to environment and care (questionnaire applied to the mother) was studied through bivariate and multivariate analyses, adjusting for confusing variables. RESULTS: 20% of infants were at risk of PDD. There was an increased risk of presenting risk of PDD after adjusting for predefined control variables with: low-quality mother-child interaction (OR = 2.46, p = 0.03), exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) <6 months (OR = 2.58, p = 0.01), and partner does not help with childcare (OR = 2.97, p = 0.03). No significant association was observed with postpartum depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: In healthy infants at psychosocial risk, low-quality mother-child interaction, EBF <6 months, and the non-involvement of the father in the childcare are associated with a higher risk of PDD.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Developmental Disabilities/epidemiology , Depression, Postpartum/epidemiology , Mother-Child Relations/psychology , Mothers/psychology , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Breast Feeding/statistics & numerical data , Child Development , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires
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